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  • History of Currency

History of Currency

2025-03-25T12:14:40-05:00April 6, 2023|Categories: Resource Center|Tags: |

History of Currency

To Barter or Not to Barter?

Bartering, once thought to be the earliest form of trade, is now considered inefficient. It was historically used as a supplement to more advanced systems of payment, as it required finding a person who wanted what you had to offer, which made the process cumbersome.

With the rise of agriculture, livestock like cattle and sheep, along with grain, became early forms of currency. These items were essential for sustenance and also represented wealth, with the word capitale (meaning livestock) eventually evolving into the word “capital.”

By 1300 BC, cowrie shells, small colorful shells from sea snails, began to be used as currency across different regions. They were small, divisible, and durable—ideal traits for money. This marked a shift from barter to more standardized forms of exchange.

Around 700-600 BC, coins were introduced in Turkey. Initially irregular in shape, coins made from electrum (a mix …

  • Half Million Dollar Baby

Half Million Dollar Baby

2025-03-25T12:18:06-05:00April 6, 2023|Categories: Resource Center|Tags: , , |

Half Million Dollar Baby

What Does It Actually Cost to Raise a Child?

The costs associated with raising a child start right at birth. A hospital bill for childbirth can easily reach up to $20,000, depending on various factors such as the type of birth and insurance coverage. Additionally, prenatal care adds extra expenses, often making the total cost even higher.

Food Costs

Once a child is born, feeding them becomes a significant part of the budget. On average, parents spend nearly $2,500 each year on food for their children. Over 18 years, this adds up to almost $45,000. These costs increase as the child grows and their nutritional needs change.

Hiring Help

For households with two working parents, the cost of childcare can be substantial. Depending on the type of care, expenses can range from $5,436 to $24,243 per year. Whether it’s daycare, a nanny, or other forms of help, these costs are …

Markets End Winning Quarter with Gains

2023-04-03T10:32:41-05:00April 3, 2023|Categories: Weekly Update|

The Weekly Update

Week of April 3rd, 2023
By Christopher T. Much, CFP®, AIF®

Stocks rallied last week on receding fears of a widening banking crisis, led by resurging investor interest in technology and communication services names.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 3.22%, while the Standard & Poor’s 500 added 3.48%. The Nasdaq Composite index rose 3.37% for the week. The MSCI EAFE index, which tracks developed overseas stock markets, advanced by 3.34%.

Tech Leads Rally
An absence of further bad news in the banking sector made for a good week, with high-quality technology and communication services stocks leading the market. While easing banking worries laid the groundwork for the week’s positive gains, growing conviction that Fed rate hikes were ending and positive inflation data out of Europe helped support the renewed enthusiasm for stocks.

Encouraging inflation data on the domestic front on Friday also added to the gathering optimism, igniting further gains to …

Mixed Message Provokes Volatility

2023-03-27T10:02:02-05:00March 27, 2023|Categories: Weekly Update|

The Weekly Update

Week of March 27th, 2023
By Christopher T. Much, CFP®, AIF®

Modest gains in major market indices masked sharp volatility amid the uncertainty arising from mixed messages emanating from public officials and revived banking fears.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 1.18%, while the Standard & Poor’s 500 added 1.39%. The Nasdaq Composite index rose 1.66% for the week. The MSCI EAFE index, which tracks developed overseas stock markets, advanced by 3.29%.

A Turbulent Week For Stocks
The stock market was unable to find sustained direction as investors weighed comments from Fed Chair Jerome Powell and Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen. Stocks initially rose as banking fears eased following a deal to acquire a troubled Swiss bank. Optimism was further fueled by Yellen, who said the government could intervene to protect depositors if more bank issues materialized.

Enthusiasm faded, however, when Yellen subsequently testified that the Treasury was not working on any blanket …

Markets Cautious After Banking Woes; Awaiting Fed Reaction

2023-03-20T10:17:47-05:00March 20, 2023|Categories: Weekly Update|

The Weekly Update

Week of March 20th, 2023
By Christopher T. Much, CFP®, AIF®

Amid the reverberations of two U.S. banks being taken over by regulators and the spread of uncertainty to European banks, stocks trended higher last week on the strength of the technology sector.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average was flat (-0.15%), while the Standard & Poor’s 500 rose 1.43%. The Nasdaq Composite index picked up 4.41%. The MSCI EAFE index, which tracks developed overseas stock markets, dropped 3.12%.

Stocks Gain Despite Banking Woes
Stock prices gyrated as investors wrestled with banking troubles that appeared to spread to Europe. Worries of financial instability rocked financials and sent bond yields falling. While the rush into Treasuries was expected, the dash into technology stocks was a surprise. Falling yields made the high-growth names more attractive, though investors targeted their buying in high-quality companies that offered defensive characteristics, such as profits, healthy cash flows, and …

Bad News Gives Markets a One-Two Punch

2023-03-13T11:00:35-05:00March 13, 2023|Categories: Weekly Update|

The Weekly Update

Week of March 13th, 2023
By Christopher T. Much, CFP®, AIF®

Stocks tumbled last week as investors reconsidered their interest rate expectations after Fed Chair Powell’s Congressional testimony that rates may need to go higher. Stocks also were rattled when a west coast bank was placed into receivership on Friday following a run on deposits.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 4.44%, while the Standard & Poor’s 500 lost 4.55%. The Nasdaq Composite index fell 4.71% for the week. The MSCI EAFE index, which tracks developed overseas stock markets, slipped 0.37%.

Rate Fears, Bank Scare
Congressional testimony on Tuesday by Fed Chair Jerome Powell that interest rates may require a higher increase faster than planned unnerved investors, dimming the hopes of any pause in rate hikes this summer. After stabilizing the following day, stocks trended lower as the financial sector came under pressure. The lower move was triggered by a specialty …

Fed’s Reassurance Boost Stocks

2023-03-06T09:30:21-06:00March 6, 2023|Categories: Weekly Update|

The Weekly Update

Week of February 6th, 2023
By Christopher T. Much, CFP®, AIF®

A late-week surge, triggered by reassuring Fed-speak, propelled stocks higher last week.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 1.75%, while the Standard & Poor’s 500 advanced 1.90%. The Nasdaq Composite index picked up 2.58% for the week. The MSCI EAFE index, which tracks developed overseas stock markets, added 0.81%.

Stocks Resume Climb
After rebounding to start the week, stocks weakened following higher inflation numbers out of Europe and higher-than-expected manufacturing activity.

Stocks continued their decline into early Thursday following a report of higher labor costs and low initial jobless claims. But stocks staged an afternoon relief rally on Thursday following comments by Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic that he was “still very firmly” supportive of increasing rates in quarter-point increments. The climb in stocks was remarkable, given that yields on 10-year Treasuries reached their highest level since November. Undeterred by a …

FOMC Says Inflation Is Still Too High

2023-02-27T10:11:28-06:00February 27, 2023|Categories: Weekly Update|

The Weekly Update

Week of February 27th, 2023
By Christopher T. Much, CFP®, AIF®

Concerns over a firmer monetary policy were heightened by fresh economic data, touching off a climb in bond yields and a slide in stock prices last week.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average skidded 2.99%, while the Standard & Poor’s 500 dipped 2.67%. The Nasdaq Composite index sagged 3.33% for the week. The MSCI EAFE index, which tracks developed overseas stock markets, retreated 1.23%.

Stocks Slide
Stocks struggled last week, buffeted by growing fears of further Fed tightening and disappointing forecasts from two major retailers that called into question the consumer’s health. The release of the minutes from the Federal Open Market Committee’s (FOMC) last meeting did little to assuage investor worries. Reflecting these concerns of a more aggressive Fed was that by Thursday, traders were pricing in a 27% chance that the Fed might lift rates by a half-percentage point …

Mixed Results As Interest Rate Concerns Grow

2023-02-21T12:49:16-06:00February 21, 2023|Categories: Weekly Update|

The Weekly Update

Week of February 21st, 2023
By Christopher T. Much, CFP®, AIF®

Growing concerns about further interest rate hikes, prompted by fresh economic data, reversed early-week gains and left stocks mixed for the week.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average slipped 0.13%, while the Standard & Poor’s 500 fell 0.28%. The Nasdaq Composite index advanced 0.59% for the week. The MSCI EAFE index, which tracks developed overseas stock markets, gained 0.52%.

Rate Concerns Weigh On Stocks
Stocks opened last week higher on investor hopes that a continued cooling in inflation might support a more dovish Fed. A higher-than-expected rise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and strong retail sales in January initially did little to dent that enthusiasm, as stocks posted solid gains through Wednesday’s close.

But that optimism faded on Thursday as a surprising rise in producer prices and another decline in initial jobless claims triggered worries the Fed would stay the course …

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